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Title
Party invitation written on an exterior wall, San Basilio del Palenque, ca. 1978
Creator
Cross, Richard, 1950-1983
Date Created and/or Issued
1978
Publication Information
California State University, Northridge
Contributing Institution
California State University, Northridge
Collection
Richard Cross Photographs (Bradley Center)
Rights Information
Use of images from the collections of the Tom & Ethel Bradley Center is strictly prohibited by law without prior written consent from the copyright holders. The responsibility for the use of these materials rests exclusively with the user.
The Bradley Center may assist in obtaining copyright/licensing permission to use images from the Richard Cross collection. http://www.csun.edu/bradley-center/contact
Description
A writing on the exterior wall of a house reads: "Vendaval 78 con todo corazón invita a sus moradores a su tremendo wateque vailable el día 17 de junio con la máquina 'El Gran Almirante.' Firmo El Torres hijo y Peca y Aito y que viva Vendaval y a qué más." ("Vendaval 78, with all our heart, invites its residents to its tremendous dance party on June 17th with the machine 'The Great Admiral.' Signed by El Torres, Jr. and Peca and Aito and long live Vendaval and what else"). Vendaval is the name of a group, or cuagro. From a very early age, children of the same age group, both male and female, stay and play together in a group (or cuagro), and name female and male leaders. Later, it is traditional that people will marry a person of the same cuagro. San Basilio del Palenque, a town located 31 miles from Cartagena, is considered the first community to officially free enslaved people in the Americas because, on August 23, 1691, the Spanish King Charles II signed a royal charter recognizing the freedom of the runaway communities in the María Mountains. Local authorities, however, did not sign a treaty with these communities until January of 1714 acknowledging their freedom and ordering the establishment of the town of Palenque San Basilio Magno. People in San Basilio del Palenque speak a Spanish-based creole language known as Palenquero. According to local public records, in 1975 the village had 2,400 residents (mostly farmers or day laborers) and 388 houses. Colombian anthropologist Nina S. de Friedemann had been studying the Afro-Colombian community of San Basilio del Palenque for the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and Richard Cross joined her to do work as a visual anthropologist in June 1975. This image illustrates Cross's anthropological categories: Social organization.
Un letrero en la pared exterior de una casa dice: "Vendaval 78 con todo corazón invita a sus moradores a su tremendo wateque vailable el día 17 de junio con la máquina 'El Gran Almirante.' Firmo El Torres hijo y Peca y Aito y que viva Vendaval y a qué más." Vendaval es el nombre de un grupo o cuagro. Desde una edad muy temprana, los niños del mismo grupo de edad, tanto hombres como mujeres, permanecen y juegan juntos en un grupo (o cuagro), y nombran líderes femeninos y masculinos. Más tarde, es tradicional que las personas se casen con una persona del mismo cuagro. San Basilio del Palenque, un pueblo ubicado a 31 millas de Cartagena, se considera la primera comunidad en liberar oficialmente a personas esclavizadas de América porque, el 23 de agosto de 1691, el rey español Carlos II firmó una cédula real que reconocía la libertad de las comunidades de personas fugitivas en el Montañas de María. Sin embargo, las autoridades locales no firmaron un tratado con estas comunidades sino hasta enero de 1714, reconociendo su libertad y ordenando el establecimiento del poblado Palenque San Basilio Magno. La gente en San Basilio del Palenque habla una lengua criolla con base en español conocida como palenquero. Según los registros públicos locales, en 1975 el pueblo tenía 2,400 residentes (en su mayoría agricultores o jornaleros) y 388 casas. La antropóloga colombiana Nina S. de Friedemann había estado estudiando la comunidad afrocolombiana de San Basilio del Palenque desde 1973 para el Instituto Colombiano de Antropología y Richard Cross se unió a ella para trabajar como antropólogo visual en junio de 1975. Esta imagen ilustra las categorías antropológicas de Cross: Organización social.
Type
image
Format
Photographs
image/jpeg
Black-and-white negatives
Extent
35 mm
Identifier
99.01.RCr.N35.B6.129.8A
http://digital-collections.csun.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p17169coll1/id/10957
Subject
Exterior walls
Painted signs and signboards
Dance parties
Place
San Basilio del Palenque (Colombia)
Relation
99.01.RCr.N35.B6.129.8A.tif
Richard Cross Photographs
California State University Northridge. University Library. Special Collections & Archives. Tom & Ethel Bradley Center

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