Charles Handy conference article exploring the evolving organization. Handy begins the article discussing the traditional mistake in organizational theory of thinking that it functions as theories in the physical sciences do, in that there are discoverable and immutable laws to be ascertained. He proceeds to identify fright as the primary motivator for change in an organization, to the organization's detriment, which leads to what Handy calls a process of "forming, storming, and norming." He then introduces his doughnut theory of management in order to address contemporary management dilemmas and leadership in organizations before arguing that incidental/experiential learning for employees is an important component in employee development. In this respect, Handy closes the article proposing a work culture in which it is permissible for laborers to make mistakes and ask for help as part of the learning process.
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