Ottomans, Copts Under The Turks Mamluks Ottoman Empire Copts Conversion Islam Monks Monasteries Taxation Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821 Roman Catholic Church Missionaries Coptic Church Administration French language Coptic Monasteries Poll Tax (Islamic Law) Ibrahim Al-Jawhari
Source
The Coptic encyclopedia, volume 6, (CE:1856b-1857b). Originally published in print by Macmillan, reproduced with permission.
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