Umayyad Fleet, Coptic Contribution to Umayyad dynasty Copts Naval history Arabs Muslims Military Byzantine Empire Arabic literature Coptic literature Greek language Papyri History of the Patriarchs ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān, Caliph, 642-705
Source
The Coptic encyclopedia, volume 7, (CE:2286a-2286b). Originally published in print by Macmillan, reproduced with permission.
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