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Description
Controlling nitrogen status and vine vegetative growth is important for maintaining production of economic yields of desirable fruit composition. Excessive vegetative growth often occurs in vineyards planted on deep silt loam or clay loam soils with a large available water holding capacity and high soil fertility. Problems associated with vigorous vineyards are increased shading, decreased bud fertility, increased bunch stem necrosis and fungal disease incidence, and increased pH, potassium, and malate concentrations in harvested fruit. The problems are exacerbated when the vines are planted on an 8' X 12' spacing and trained to a bilateral cordon. The vertical-bilateral cordon was developed to increase fruit production and fruit exposure in vigorous bilateral-cordon-trained Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot noir vineyards while utilizing the existing trellis system on an 8' X 12' spacing. In the first season after Pinot noir and Cabernet Sauvignon vines were converted to vertical-bilateral cordons, shoot density and nitrogen status decreased in the vertical-bilateral cordon vines compared to the control vines. In the second and third years, clusters/vine and yield/vine increased as much as three-fold in both the Pinot noir and Cabernet Sauvignon vertical-bilateral cordon trained vines compared to the controls. After the first season, fruit composition, however, was similar in both sets of vines except for the slightly lower 0 Brix and higher ammonia level in fruit from the vertical-bilateral cordons compared to fruit from the control vines. The vertical-bilateral cordon appears to be a viable alternative for decreasing vigor and increasing bud numbers, fruit production, and fruit exposure in vigorous bilateral cordon-trained vineyards with little or no trellis conversion costs.
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